Browsing by Author "Rath, Prabir Kumar"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A Geographical Study of Women Migrant Workers of Salcete and Ponda Talukas
    (Konkan Geographers Association of India, 2023) Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    Labour migration has become a common phenomenon in today's world. Within India, migrants from rural areas move move to urban areas for better employment opportunities and better wages. However, women and men are differentially placed in availing these opportunities. Though migration is higher in males than females, the role of female migrants cannot be overlooked. The study focuses on unskilled and low skilled women migrant workers of Salcate and Ponda talukas, who have migrated along with their spouses to Goa from other states of India. It focuses on their employment and income, their contribution to the family income, status in family and society and the impact of Covid 19 pandemic on them. The study has used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using questionnaire cum schedule from 67 female migrant workers using purposive sampling. The analysis suggested that the female migrant workers belong mostly to the productive age group. Though the income eamed by these women is low, it has proved as a notable contribution in the life of these migrants. There is no negative impact on their children and other family members due to their employment. They are also a part of decision making in their family as a result of their contribution to the family income. They maintain a healthy relation with their employers and are paid according to the nature of the work they perform. They find healthy relationship with ther colleagues at work. Most of the female migrant workers stay in rented accommodation consisting of one room and kitchen and a common toilet outside the house. The female migrant workers were highly impacted by the Covid 19 pandemic and related lockdown. Most of the female migrant workers lost their jobs due to lockdown and the others nad to face a reduction in their monthly salaries. They managed their household expenses by taking loans and using ther past savings. They fear the impact of Covid 19 may recur and consider it as a major threat to their employability, occurs again in future.
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    Domestic waste disposal practices and awareness about its impacts on environment and human health in an islandic village: Akhada-St. Estevam in Goa
    (ACS Publisher, 2025) Halankar, Richa; Naik, Neethu; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    Effective domestic or household waste management is crucial for environmental sustainability and public health. Improper disposal practices lead to adverse sanitation, pollution, disease outbreaks and ecosystem degradation. This study examines waste disposal practices and awareness level among the households in a selected village in Tiswadi taluka of Goa. While residents show high awareness of the harmful effects of improper waste management, a significant gap exists between knowledge and action. Factors such as poor recycling habits, lack of infrastructure for waste disposal and limited public education contribute to this issue. By analysing household behaviours and perceptions, the study aims to recommend strategies for improving waste management practices and enhancing community health and sustainability. Improper waste disposal continues to pose significant environmental and public health challenges contributing to pollution, fear of disease outbreaks and the degradation of ecosystems. This study evaluates household waste management practices, awareness levels, and perceptions among 60 respondents from a selected village. Data collection was facilitated through structured questionnaires and findings were analysed using tables and visualized through pie charts created in Microsoft Excel to better understand patterns and trends. A majority of respondents reported suffering from allergies due to waste exposure, and many experienced infectious diseases, highlighting immediate health threats stemming from poor waste management. The study also found that while several respondents consistently separated waste, a considerable number displayed inconsistent segregation practices. Daily waste disposal was commonly observed among households, reflecting regular management efforts; however, recycling habits remained poor, with most respondents rarely recycling and none reporting frequent recycling. Many individuals reused plastic bags, which is a positive trend, yet harmful practices like burning plastic and dumping in water bodies still persist among a minority. The findings suggest that there is lack of confidence in local government initiatives and poor recycling support. The study recommends strengthening institutional waste management support, expanding public education initiatives focused on sanitary and household waste disposal, improving waste segregation facilities and promoting community engagement to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice. Addressing these issues is crucial to ensuring sustainable development in the studied communities.
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    Gender, migration and informal employment: A study of migrant women in Salcete Taluka, Goa
    (Sardar Patel Institute of Economic and Social Research, 2024) Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    This study explores the working and living conditions of migrant women laborers engaged in unskilled and low-skilled jobs in Selecte Taluka, Goa, India, with a particular focus on how these conditions intersect with issues of employment, employability, and education in urban settings. The research has two primary objectives (1) to analyze the working and living conditions of migrart women labourers, and (2) to examine how these conditions relate to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the context of employment and gender equality. The study utilizes primary data collected through a questionnaire-based survey of 380 migrant women labourer's, with purposive sampling, supplemented by personal interviews for deeper socio-economic insights. The findings indicate that the majority of these women occupy casual and temporary positions, predominantly as domestic workers and factory laborers. In terms of living conditions, many reside in overcrowded and inadequate rented accommodations, often lacking proper sanitation and waste disposal facilities. By linking these issues to the SDGs, the study highlights the critical gaps in employment opportunities, educational access, and gender-based discrimination that migrant women face These challenges exacerbate then vulnerability, reinforcing the cycle of poverty and limiting their upward mobility. The paper emphasizes the need for targeted policy interventions that enhance economic security and employability for migrant women, with a focus on vocational training, educational opportunities, and formai iabour rights. Addressing these "missing links" is essentral not only for improving the living and working conditions of migrant women but also for fostering a more equitable and sustamable urban environment in line with India's development goals.
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    Socio-Economic Profile, Work Environment and Concerns of Inter-State Migrant Women Workers in Ponda Taluka of Goa
    (Indian Association for the Study of Population, 2025) Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    This study brings out the status and expe-riences of women migrant labourers in Ponda Taluka, shedding light on their living and working conditions. It has investigated the multifaceted challenges these women face at the place of des-tination. An assessment has been done to under-stand the treatment these women receive from locals, colleagues and employers to gauge their social status and its impact on their overall con-ditions. The study reveals that a significant pro-portion of this category of workers is employed in low-wage but have high- demand within domestic and manufacturing sectors. The housemaids and factory workers comprise nearly 68% of the work-force. The predominance of temporary and ca-sual work arrangements, which account for 89.4% of the workforce, underscores issues of job secu-rity and income instability. Despite a substan-tial portion earning above Rs. 6000 per month, challenges persist regarding housing affordabil-ity and job stability. Most workers reside in rented accommodation with high rent and subop-timal housing quality. Social relations show gen-erally respectful treatment from employers and colleagues, though disparities exist, with exces-sive working hours correlating with poorer treat-ment. It is crucial to enhance job security, offer better housing options and foster positive work-place relationships which could significantly ben-efit this vulnerable segment of the workforce.
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    Socio-Economic Status Of Migrant Women Labour Force In Goa: A Literature Based Analysis
    (IRBE Publication, 2020) Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    Goa is one of the most economically prosperous states of India. Many migrants flow in to Goa from various parts of India to seek employment. Since rural areas people faced the problem of lack better employment opportunities in the villages, they migrate to urban areas where they expect to get productive employment. Though male migrants outnumber females the role played by women migrants cannot be overlooked. Women have migrated to Goa either with their spouses, or independently and they have taken up jobs on various levels of hierarchy from unskilled, casual work to highly paid and highly skilled jobs. The study focuses primarily on low skilled and unskilled jobs taken up by the female migrant workers in different sectors of economy in Goa. It tries to identify the socio-economic status of the migrant women labour-force. It is seen that the female migrants have migrated as associational migrants along with their spouses. They take up jobs as domestic helps, labourers in construction industry and helpers in factories and shops. They earn a low income but nevertheless contribute equally in household expenses and savings. Their social status gets enhanced as they are economically independent which also results in an enhanced autonomy in the family. They are able to make household decisions. They face a major challenge as they have to keep a balance between their household responsibilities and also focus on their jobs. With the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic situation and the sudden lockdown announced in the country,thestatusoftheiremployment has come to a standstill. Majority of the migrant women have lost their jobs and their income has stopped. After the commencement of special trains many migrated back to their native place.
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    Women emigration and its impact on their families in Goa : A case study of Usgao village
    (Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 2020) Pereira, Daffnie; Afonso, Arina; Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    Emigration is the relocation of the people from one country to another. In last two decades or so, increased number of woman migrants has gone abroad. In India, female migration is closely interconnected with the male migration indicating that women accompany men after marriage. In Goa, migration of women to industrialized developed countries and the Middle East countries is on the rise mostly to the United Kingdom followed by the countries of Middle East. The study was conducted to determine emigration of women and its impact on the life of their families left behind in Usgao village of Dharbandora Taluka of Goa. The study is carried out using primary data obtained from administration of questionnaires and personal interviews supplemented by secondary data. Women emigration has prevailed in the age group of 20- 45 years, which comprises of both married and unmarried woman. Low wages in the home country and the demand for female labour in the foreign countries offering high wages are the main push and pull factors of international migration of women from the study area. Women emigration has added income level of the family and has enhanced the standard of living among the emigrating families. It has left its drawbacks such as emigration of women has made the life of the children and the elderly members of the family difficult as the migrant women used to take care of all the members of the family in general and children and elderly in particular in addition, they were handling all the household affairs of the family. Emigration of women thus, has increased women’s access to economic resources and has improved their autonomy and status but its negative impact on the families is significant.
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    Women Migrant Workers In Urban Areas Of Ponda Taluka, Goa: An Empirical Study
    (Itihasacharya V. K. Rajwade Sanshodhan Mandal, 2024) Nemikal, Vijaya; Rath, Prabir Kumar
    Labour migration has become a common phenomenon in today's world. Within India, migrants from rural areas move to urban areas for better employment opportunities and better wages. However, women and men are differentially placed in availing these opportunities. The study focuses on unskilled and low skilled women migrant workers in the towns of Ponda taluka in Indian State of Goa, who have migrated along with their spouses to Goa from other states of India. It throws light on the reason for their migration to Goa, their demographic characteristics, employment and income parameters and most importantly, the reasons for choosing to work in Goa. The study has used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using questionnaire cum schedule from 70 female migrant workers using purposive sampling method while the secondary data have been obtained from official sites of Govt. of Goa and Govt. of India. The analysis revealed that the female migrant workers belong mostly to the economically productive age group. The income earned by these women is low but it is a notable contribution in their life. Majority of the women are employed as casual low-paid workers consisting of housemaids, factory workers, civil construction workers, etc. Their working hours differ depending upon the type of work. Majority of the women are working to support their family income. Feasible solutions and action plans have been given in the paper based on the responses of the stake holders and the on-going policies of the state and central governments from time to time.